From a range of interviews, observations, and desk reviews of documents this publication presents lessons learned from Conservation International (CI) and Cooperative for Assistance Relief Everywhere (CARE)’s health care and conservation initiative in the Cardamom Mountains Region of Cambodia. The primary focus is on elements of CI’s Population Health Environment (PHE) interventions involving reproductive health/family planning activities and conservation. By linking conservation and health it has been found that smaller and healthier families exert less pressure on natural resources in the long term. This approach has entailed CI entering into a partnership with CARE-Cambodia to deliver family planning, reproductive and general health services in southwester Cambodia.