Although insertion and removal of implants are minor surgical procedures, careful infection prevention procedures must be followed with every client. Infection prevention during insertion and removal involves aseptic technique (performing the procedures under sterile conditions). Proper infection prevention procedures minimize the chances of blood-borne infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and of infections at the insertion site. Infection at the insertion site may require early removal or cause spontaneous expulsion of implants. Generally, sterilization is required for instruments such as scalpels and needles that touch tissue beneath the skin. If sterilization is not possible or practical, instruments must be high-level disinfected. Family planning providers can use this checklist to help ensure that the procedure is done safely.