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The health consequences of inadequate water and sanitation services include an estimated 4 billion cases of diarrhea and 1.9 million deaths each year, mostly among young children in developing countries. Diarrheal diseases lead to decreased food intake and nutrient absorption, malnutrition, reduced resistance to infection, and impaired physical growth and cognitive development. Since 1996, a large body of work has been published that has examined the health impact of interventions to improve water quality at the point-of-use through household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS). Four interventions – chlorination, solar disinfection, ceramic filtration, and PUR – have been proven to reduce diarrhea in users in developing countries and are discussed below. For more information, contact safewater@cdc.gov.