Researchers found that in 2003-2005, a majority of PLWHAs in Kenya and Malawi were unaware of their HIV status and were sexually active, especially those who were married or cohabiting. Few reported using a condom at last intercourse. Of HIV-infected women not wanting more children, few used contraception. Researchers recommended that HIV testing should be expanded, and prevention programs should target married or cohabiting couples. After determining a significant unmet need for family planning among PLWHA, researchers also recommended integrating family planning services with HIV services.